Understanding sexual violence within the visually impaired community

Sexual violence is a universal issue, yet its nuances within close-knit and marginalised communities often remain misunderstood or overlooked. This includes the visually impaired community, where societal assumptions about disability and community dynamics create unique challenges for both survivors and practitioners aiming to support them.

This discussion arises from my recent appearance on BBC Radio 4's In Touch programme, where I was invited to speak about the complex realities of sexual violence within the visually impaired community. The conversation highlighted urgent issues that practitioners need to understand to provide meaningful support to survivors.

Beyond the stereotypes: The impact of ableist attitudes

At the heart of these challenges lies a pervasive societal stereotype: that disabled individuals are inherently vulnerable, harmless, and incapable of causing harm. This infantilising perspective shields perpetrators who exploit these assumptions, leading to dismissive attitudes when accusations are made.

The stereotype's impact is profound. Survivors of sexual violence within the visually impaired community often encounter disbelief or minimisation of their experiences, as perpetrators are viewed through the lens of ableist bias. This not only silences victims but also perpetuates a culture of impunity for abusers.

Sexual violence, however, is not about disability – it is about power. While gendered power dynamics remain central to understanding abuse, the disability status of the perpetrator adds a layer of complexity. Some visually impaired men may assert power within their community to counter feelings of disempowerment in the wider world. This does not excuse abusive behaviour but highlights the necessity of addressing power dynamics holistically, including within marginalised groups.

The risk of speaking out

Close-knit communities provide a sense of belonging, especially for marginalised individuals. However, these tight social networks can also exacerbate the risks of speaking out against abuse. Survivors often know their abusers and reporting their experiences risks disrupting not only their own social connections but the broader community's cohesion.

For survivors in minoritised communities, this risk is particularly acute. Fear of disbelief, ostracism, or accusations of betraying the community frequently prevents individuals from coming forward. Ableist attitudes compound this fear, as disabled perpetrators may be viewed as incapable of violence, increasing the likelihood that survivors will be doubted or silenced.

This dynamic demands a nuanced understanding of power and vulnerability within minority groups. Practitioners must recognise the enormous emotional and social stakes for survivors when they disclose abuse and provide support that prioritises both their safety and their need for connection.

A call for more practitioners

To effectively address these challenges, we need more psychologists who understand the lived experiences of those navigating sexual violence within marginalised communities. Practitioners must be equipped to challenge ableist assumptions and recognise the complex relationship between gender, power, and disability in cases of abuse.

Accessible and specialised training is key. The RNIB offers free sight loss therapy training for qualified psychological therapists, providing essential tools to support visually impaired clients. I encourage all practitioners to explore this opportunity and enhance their ability to work inclusively and compassionately. 

Moving forwards

Sexual violence is about power, not disability. However, ableist attitudes and the dynamics of close-knit communities add unique challenges that must be understood and addressed. By deepening our knowledge and challenging harmful stereotypes, we can foster environments where survivors feel heard, validated, and supported.

Let us commit to building a profession where no survivor fears being disbelieved or isolated, and where all communities, including the visually impaired, can access the understanding and care they deserve.

Dr Stuart Gore CPsychol FHEA 
Lecturer in Counselling and Psychotherapy
Programme Lead in Counselling and Psychotherapy
University Of Leeds