Research and publications

Articles

The January 2019 issue of Clinical Psychology Forum was a special edition, focusing on applied uses of the Power Threat Meaning Framework within human services and beyond.

It also includes an update from the project team one year on from publication of the original PTMF document. The reports on applied uses show that the framework can be highly effective and useful for many people, both in help-providing and help-seeking roles.

• Aherne, C., Moloney, O. & O'Brien, G. (2019). Youth mental health and the Power Threat Meaning Framework: Jigsaw's systems perspective. Clinical Psychology Forum, 313, 3-7.
  This article discusses the authors' perceptions of the fit between the PTMF and the non-medicalised contextual ethos of Jigsaw, a charity providing support to young people experiencing mental health problems in Ireland.
• Aherne, C., Moloney, O., O'Donoghue, K., & Horgan, L. (2020). Society's Anxiety. Clinical Psychology Today, 24 June 2020.
  There has been a trend of increased levels of anxiety amongst young people in Ireland over the last decade. Reasons given for this trend are often over-simplistic in nature. This article aims to reflect deeper on the context of youth mental health in Ireland and to contribute to the theoretical understanding of this context.
• Aherne, D. & Aherne, C. (2020) The Power Threat Meaning Framework and Covid-19. Clinical Psychology Today, 22 June 2020.
  Covid-19 has forced many of us into introspection in attempts to figure out what is important to us individually and as a society. Here the authors have used the PTMF as a framework of reflection in an attempt to illuminate some understanding of Ireland's responses to the illness and some thoughts on how to approach things going forward.
• Ahsan, S. (2021). If you're having mental health struggles, you're not the problem. March 4 2021. Refinery29.
• Albanese, A., Blane, D., Williamson, A. (2021). Mental health in context: Structural vulnerability and support in primary care. British Journal of General Practice, 71(713): 565-567
  This article discusses how the PTMF and formulation-based approach can help GPs support those whose mental distress is rooted in structural inequalities.
• Amari, N (2021) Social justice in counseling psychology practice: Actualizing the ethics of compassion. Journal of Humanistic Psychology.
  This article draws on the PTMF and other sources to argue for counselling practice which supports social justice.
• Amari, N. (2023). Self-formulation in counselling psychology: The Power Threat Meaning Framework. Journal of Humanistic Psychology
  A self formulation by a counselling psychology trainee, using the PTMF. 
• Barnwell, G., Stroud, L., & Watson, M. (2020) Critical reflections from South Africa: Using the Power Threat Meaning Framework to place climate-related distress in its socio-political context. Clinical Psychology Forum, 332, August 2020
  This paper applies the Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF) to a case study on climate-related distress in South Africa. In doing so, the paper critiques the current conceptualisation of climate anxieties for its potential medicalisation and dehistorisation, and illustrates the importance of asymmetrical power dynamics and climate-related distress.
• Bodfield, k. s.,  & Culshaw, A. (2024). Applying the power threat meaning framework to the UK education system. Pastoral Care in Education
• Bostock. J.,  & Armstrong, N., (2019). Developing trauma-informed care and adapted pathways using the Power, Threat, Meaning framework (Part 1: Being heard and understood differently). Clinical Psychology Forum, 314, 25-30. 
• Boyle, M. (2020) Power in the Power Threat Meaning Framework, Journal of Constructivist Psychology.
• Brinkmann, S (2023). Problems of diagnostic psychiatry—and the search for a way forward. Nordic Psychology.
  DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2023.2258557.
  The author discusses the PTMF as one of several ways forward for psychiatry.
• The British Psychological Society (2020) Understanding Depression
  This document is for everyone who has an interest in depression – those of us who experience it, our friends and family, and those of us who provide services to help. It is an up-to-date summary of what the research says, written in everyday language.
• Colbert, S., Caswell, H., & Dunstan, R. (2022). Power, Threat, Meaning Framework informed audit: The ubiquitous experience of trauma in adults with psychosis.  Special Issue: Trauma-informed care in Clinical Psychology. Edited by Allan Skelly. Clinical Psychology Forum 350 - February 2022.  - In the context of the Power, Threat, Meaning Framework and trauma-informed care, this audit attempted to identify experiences of trauma and adversity for clients on the caseload of an NHS community psychosis team. Histories of trauma were found for every client. The number of trauma experiences ranged from 1–9, giving a mean of 2.7 per client. This confirms clients with psychosis as a highly traumatised group and supports the trauma model of psychosis.
• Colbert, S. (2024). Developing EMDR for psychosis from a Power, Threat, Meaning Framework perspective
  Clinical Psychology Forum, 378; 16-21.
• Colbert, S. (2024). Power, Threat, Meaning Framework informed EMDR for psychosis: Identifying and accessing trauma memories underlying psychotic experiences. Clinical Psychology Forum 378: 22-24.
• Collins, N. (2019). The 'Own my life' course: Building literacy with women about trauma through the Power Threat Meaning Framework. Clinical Psychology Forum, 313, 38-41.
  The author reflects on the fit between the Framework and her own approach to 'depathologising' the responses of women subjected to abuse from male partners.
• Collins. K., Goad, E., Redding., & Rushent, N. (2022). Championing trauma informed care through constructive critique. Special Issue: Trauma-informed care in Clinical Psychology. Edited by Allan Skelly. Clinical Psychology Forum 350 - February 2022. 
• Cromby, J. (2020).  Meaning in the Power Threat Meaning Framework. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 35, 1, 41-53.
  This paper describes the concept of meaning within the Framework,identifies some of its influences, and discusses its relationship to other concepts of meaning and to other aspects of the Framework.
• Cummins, E., (Feb 27, 2022). Ideas: The Future of Mental Health Diagnosis Goes Beyond the Manual The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, the so-called "Bible of Psychiatry," is approaching its 70th year. It should be its last.
• da Silva, c., de Jong, j.,  Feddes, A. R., , Doosje, B., & Gruev-Vintila, A. (2022).  Where Are You Really From? Understanding Misrecognition From the Experiences of French and Dutch Muslim Women Students. Journal of Social and Political Psychology. Vol.10(1), 201-217. 
  This study uses the PTMF core questions to explore experiences of misrecognition in Muslim women. 
• Daya, I. (2022). Russian dolls and epistemic crypts: A lived experience reflection on epistemic injustice and psychiatric confinement. Incarceration.
  doi:10.1177/26326663221103445
  Psychiatric survivor Indigo Daya describes her experiences of physical and epistemic incarceration, citing the PTMF as an example of much-needed new approaches.
• Dorling, D., Rouf, K. (01 June 2018) To better tackle mental illness, look to the societies in which it occurs. Prospect Magazine.
  This article looks at the role which society plays in shaping our attitudes and responses towards mental health.
• Flynn, A. & Polak, N. (2019). Incorporating the Power Threat Meaning Framework into an autism and learning disability team. Clinical Psychology Forum, 313, 42-46.
  The authors reflect on their experiences of drawing upon the Framework in their work with children, young people and their families in a NHS service for people diagnosed with autism or intellectual disability.
• Fyson, R., Morley, K. & Murphy, A. (2019). Using the Power Threat Meaning Framework in social work education. Clinical Psychology Forum, 313, 33-37.
  The authors discuss the fit between the Framework and the roles of social workers. The authors describe how the PTMF will be taught and inform other taught content within the English social work training programme they are involved with.
• Griffiths, A. (2019). Reflections on using the Power Threat Meaning Framework in peer-led systems. Clinical Psychology Forum, 313, 9-14.
  The author describes how a trauma-informed peer-led group adapted and utilised the PTMF within their group. The author provides reflections on the experience including thoughts about the adaptations she felt were necessary and ideas for future development. The author also shares the PTMF narrative she developed for herself during the process of utilising this within the group.
• Griffiths, H. & Baty, F. (2019). Bringing the outside in: Clinical psychology training in socially aware assessment, formulation, intervention and service structure. Clinical Psychology Forum, 313, 20-24.
  The authors describe how they incorporated a workshop on the PTMF into a module on critical psychology within a Scottish clinical psychology training programme. They reflect on the experience, fit with the ethos and hopes for clinical training, and the positive reception from the trainees.
• Grice, N., & Camilleri, K., (2023). Coping as you drown: An IPA exploration of poverty, benefits and maternal mental health. Clinical Psychology Forum, 368, pp 54-64
• Harper, D. J. & Cromby, J. (2020) From 'What's Wrong with You?' to 'What's Happened to You?': an Introduction to the Special Issue on the Power Threat Meaning Framework, Journal of Constructivist Psychology.
• Harper, D. (2023). De-medicalising public mental health with the Power Threat Meaning Framework. Perspectives in Public Health.
• Harris, J., Clarke, I., & Riches, S. (2023). Developing 'Comprehend, Cope and Connect' training for acute and crisis mental health services: staff, patient and carer perspectives. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care, 19(1): 33–50. doi: 10.20299/jpi.2023.004
• Haslam, M.  (2023).  The erosion of mental health nursing: discussing the implications of the move towards genericism.  British Journal of Mental Health Nursing 12(1).
  This article draws on the PTMF among other sources to argue against a generic curriculum for mental health nurses.
• Hill, P. (2020). Post-pandemic NHS staff wellbeing. Pain News vol.18(3); 155-157.
  This article argues that the PTMF can help us take a holistic view of the factors relevant to long-term conditions such as chronic fatigue and chronic pain.
• Huggett, C. (2020). What influences mental health professionals to stigmatise people with schizophrenia? The Mental Elf, 13 October 2020
  This review established that 'schizophrenia' is one of the most stigmatised mental health problems by mental health professionals. Moreover, the general public and GPs hold more stigmatising beliefs of 'schizophrenia' than mental health professionals.
• James, I., Morris, S., Johnston, A., & Glover, D. (2022). Treating mental stress in elite footballers using a stigma-free psychological approach: The Power Threat Meaning Framework. BJPsych Advances, 1-8. doi:10.1192/bja.2022.48
• Johnstone, L., Boyle, M., Cromby, J. et al. (2019). Reflections on responses to the Power Threat Meaning Framework one year on. Clinical Psychology Forum, 313, 47-54.
  The authors of the Framework reflect on reactions to the launch of the Framework, clarify points that were commonly mis-reported, and suggest ideas for future development.
• Johnstone, L. (2020) General Patterns in the Power Threat Meaning Framework – Principles and Practice, Journal of Constructivist Psychology.
• Johnstone, L (2021) 'Beyond the mental health paradign: The Power Threat Meaning Framework' IAI News, Issue 96, 5th May
• Kemp, R. (2022) Ethics of Power in Clinical Psychology. Clinical Psychology Forum, 360, 11-15. - This article describes issues and ethics around Power in Clinical Psychology and references the Power Threat Meaning Framework.
• Kinderman, P (2023) Clinical psychology and human rights: A call to action Clinical Psychology Forum 368, pp 12-18
• Kokorikou, D., et al., (2021). Testing hypotheses about the harm that capitalism causes to the mind and brain: a theoretical framework for neuroscience research.
  This article cites the PTMF, among other sources, in arguing that neuroscience needs to account for and investigate the impact of capitalism on the mind and brain.
• Lawrence, D.,  Bagshaw, R., Stubbings, D., & Watt, A.  (2024): The Maintenance Model of Restrictive Practices: A Trauma-Informed, Integrated Model to Explain Repeated Use of Restrictive Practices in Mental Health Care Settings. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2369594
  The authors draw upon the PTMF, among other sources, to develop a model explaining the use of restrictive practices in mental health settings and to suggest ways of reducing them.
• Logan, C. & Sellers, R. (2020). Risk Assessment and management in violent extremism: A primer for mental health practitioners. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology.
• Malott, K.M., Barraclough, S. & Yee, T. (2023). Towards Decolonizing Diagnosis:  A Critical Review and Suggested Alternatives. International Journal Advanced Counselling.
• Marianne Therese Smogeli Holter, Tore Dag Bøe &  Bård Bertelsen (2024). An Alternative to Mental Illness Diagnoses: The Power–Threat–Meaning Framework. https://doi.org/10.52734/PTJO4792
  This article outlines the principles of the PTMF for a Norwegian audience, and describes some of the PTMF-related projects that are underway.
• McBain, S. (2022). Are you mentally ill, or very unhappy? Psychiatrists can't agree. As rates of diagnosis rise, a fierce debate rages in Psychiatry. Are we experiencing a parallel pandemic, or having a rational response to a traumatic world?
• Mead, J., Gibbs, K., Fisher, Z., & Haddon Kemp, A. (2012). What's next for wellbeing science? Moving from the Anthropocene to the Symbiocene. Fontiers in Psychology, 14: 1087078
  The PTMF is referenced as a perspective for understanding the challenges posed by climate change.
• Michelson, S. (2022). Children's agency when experiencing family-related adversities: The negotiation of closeness and distance in children's personal narratives.
  The study analyses how children navigate relationships in their families, referencing the discussion of power in the PTMF. 
• Mitchell, S. & Thorne, E. Developing trauma-informed care and adapted pathways using the Power Threat Meaning framework (Part 2: Being helped differently)
• Morgan, E. (2019).  'The diagnosis question'  Prospect Magazine, Oct 16th 2019
• Morgan, E. (June 2021). Sharing Mental Health Memes is making things worse, not better. Refinery 29.
• Morgan, G., et al (2022). The Power Threat Meaning Framework and the Climate and Ecological Crises. Psychology in Society (PINS). 63
• Morgan, G., Moutsou, I. & Georgaca, E. (2023). The Power Threat Meaning Framework: A lens for the psychosocial support of unaccompanied minors.
  Metalogos Systemic Therapy Journal, 44, Oct 2023. 
• O'Toole, C. (2019). Time to teach the politics of mental health: Implications of the Power Threat Meaning Framework for teacher education. Clinical Psychology Forum, 313, 15-19.
  The author, a lecturer in education psychology in Ireland, discusses how she believes the Framework has radical implications for how teachers can support wellbeing in schools and other educational settings.
• Phillips, G., & Raskin, J. D. (2020). A primer for clinicians on alternatives to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. Advance online publication.
  Various researchers have been developing alternatives to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition; DSM–5). This article serves as a "primer" for clinicians by introducing four alternatives to the DSM–5 that are currently garnering significant attention.
• Pilgrim, D. & Cromby, J. (2020). Some philosophical roots of the Power Threat Meaning Framework. Clinical Psychology Forum 327.
• Pilgrim, D. (2020) A Critical Realist Reflection on the Power Threat Meaning Framework, Journal of Constructivist Psychology
• Polak. N., & Flynn, A. (2019). Incorporating the PTMF into an autism and learning disability team. Clinical Psychology Forum 313 - January 2019. 
• Poxon, L. (2024). An Antidote to the Pathologizing of Grief: Applying the Power–Threat–Meaning Framework. Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1891/EHPP-2023-0016
• Read, J., and Harper, D. (2020). The power threat meaning framework: addressing adversity, challenging prejudice and stigma and transforming services. Journal of Constructivist Psychology.
  Advocates of a biomedical approach have argued that: it provides an evidence-based approach to classifying and understanding the causes of problems; adopting a biomedical understanding will reduce stigma; and biomedical interventions are effective and evidence-based. This article reviews the literature and finds not only that there is little or no evidence for these assumptions but that, in fact, the research evidence points to the need for the kind of alternative approach proposed by the PTMF.
• Read, J., & Moncrieff, J. (2022). Depression: Why drugs and electricity are not the answer. Psychological Medicine , First View , pp. 1 - 10
  This article critiques the assumptions on which use of antidepressants and ECT are based, and argues for alternative models, including the PTM Framework.
• Reis et al (2019) Surviving Prison: Using the Power Threat Meaning Framework to explore the impact of long-term imprisonment. Clinical Psychology Forum 313.
• Sabados, D. & Potash, J. S. (2023). Art to humanize mental illness for teaching diagnosis. Journal of Humanistic Psychology
  The PTMF offers a foundation for utilizing weekly art viewing and art making as a foundational element for teaching masters-level mental health practitioners how to consider mental health and diagnosis with a critical mindset. In particular, the one-canvas painting approach allows for metaphors in imagery and creative processes to inform students in their professional development.
• SHIFT Recovery Community (2020). Using the Power Threat Meaning Framework in a Self-help group of people with expereince of mental and emotional distress. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, Vol.35(1)
  This article describes how the Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF) has been used by the SHIFT (Self Help Inspiring Forward Thinking) recovery community of people with direct experience of mental and emotional distress based in Portsmouth, UK.
• Siverns, K. & Morgan, G. (2021) 'If Only I Could Have Said, If Only Somebody Was Listening': Mothers' Experiences of Placing Their Child into Care. Adoption Quarterly
  This qualitative research explored the experiences of mothers who had made or agreed with the decision for their child to be placed into care, and drew on the PTMF for reflections on the power processes involved.
• Stupak R, Dobroczyński B. From Mental Health Industry to Humane Care. Suggestions for an Alternative Systemic Approach to Distress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(12):6625.
  These authors cite the PTMF as an example of how mental health services in Poland could be radically reformed.
• Stupak, R., & Johnstone, L. (2023). Power Threat Meaning Framework – A brief description of the basic assumptions and context. Psychoterapia 3; 206, 71-84.
• TFDA Open letter regarding reform and revision of diagnostic systems
  This letter was constructed by the Task Force on Diagnostic Alternatives of the Society for Humanistic Psychology (Division 32 of the American Psychological Association [APA]).
• Topor, A.,  and Matscheck, D.  (2021) Diversity, Complexity and Ordinality: Mental Health Services outside the institutions-Service users' and professionals' experience-based practices and knowledges, and new public management. International Jounral of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(13): 7075.
  This article cites the PTMF in describing community mental health support in Sweden.
• Vidha, Sadaf (2019) Mental Health beyond symptoms: Encouraging Survivor-led dialogue by focusing on aspects of power, threat.
  Article in India that considers the PTMF and Mental Health dialogue.
• Warrender, D., Bain, H., Murray, I., & Kennedy, C. (2020). Pespectives of crisis intervention for people diagnosed with 'borderline personality disorder': An integrative review. Jornal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 1, 1-29.
  This paper explores the experiences of stakeholders involved in the crisis care of people diagnosed with "Borderline Personality Disorder."
• Webb, Nick 17 February 2018) My mother took her own life – and now I know a different mental health approach could have saved her. The Independent.
  This article discusses the author's own experience with mental health and the loss of a loved one, and the role which the PTMF can play in helping others in the future.
• Willmot, P., & Evershed, S. (2018). Interviewing people given a diagnosis of personality disorder in forensic setting. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health. 

Blogs

• A response to some criticisms of the PTMF
• Frames of Mind - Lucy Beney
• Aherne, C. - The Power Threat Meaning Framework Part 1
  Part one in a three part series exploring the Power Threat Meaning Framework with Clinical Psychologist Dr Cian Aherne
  Discussion about the PTMF between Lucy Johnstone and service user Danny Whittaker
• Invited blog by Johnstone and Boyle challenging the Global MH movement
• Mad In America - Publication of the Power Threat Meaning Framework
• A four part blog series by PTMF authors John Cromby and Lucy Johnstone taking a critical perspective on the concept of neurodiversity. The fourth blog unpicks some of the ways critics have attempted to discredit the PTMF.
• Psychology Today - An alternative to psychiatric diagnosis?
• The Diagnosis of Exclusion - Forgetting inconvenient truths: A way to keep thinking (2018)
• CMHNN - A mental health nurse's first response to the launch of the Power Threat Meaning Framework
• Canterbury Christ Church University - I've been waiting for this since I was a child
• Imperfect Cognitions - On the Power Threat Meaning Framework
• ISPS-UK - An introduction to the Power Threat Meaning Framework for ISPS-UK members
• Socialist Health Association - The Power Threat Meaning Framework
• Critical Psychiatry - The limitations of psychiatric diagnosis
• Linda Gask - Diagnosis, power, and suffering
• Social Work With Adults (GOV.UK) - A radically different perspective on mental health
• There is a different way - Response to the Power Threat Meaning paper
• Mental Health Today - Do you identify as having a disorder or as having survived something?
• Hidden Universes - Call to abandon the diagnosis of all mental health problems
• Noteworthy - How I divested from the medical model of mental health
• My experience of our mental health care system - Ella Gregory
• The Role that Clinical Psychologists can play in regard to housing insecurity in the UK: a social justice perspective - Kieran Day
• A four part blog by journalist and survivor Hannah Green about alternative to psychiatry (including the PTMF)
• Lucy Johnstone describes her experiences of sharing the PTMF with audiences in New Zealand and Australia, including members of indigenous communities
  - Crossing Cultures with the Power Threat Meaning Framework-New Zealand
  - Crossing Cultures with the Power Threat Meaning Framework-Australia

Podcasts and videos

• Dr Orla Gallagher (a Post-Doctoral Researcher employed in the Irish Prison Service) on Studying Violence in the Irish Prison System
• Lucy Johnstone discusses the PTMF on Mad in America - 2018
• Lucy Johnstone discusses the PTMF one year later on Mad in America - 2019
• Lucy Johnstone speaking at Copenhagen University - 2018 (video)
• Lucy Johnstone speaks to Metalog in Denmark - 2019 (video)
• Lucy Johnstone discussing the PTMF with Lisa Cherry - 2020 (video)
• Lucy Johnstone's brief overview of the PTMF for online festival 'A disorder 4 everyone' - 2020 (video)
• Lucy Johnstone talks about the PTMF and 'personality disorder' - 2021
• Lucy Johnstone talks about formulation, trauma and the PTMF - 2021
• Lucy Johnstone speaking at a lunchtime seminar on the PTMF at Roehampton University - 2021
• Mary Boyle and Lucy Johnstone introduce their book 'A straight talking introduction to the PTMF' - 2021
• Lucy Johnstone talks to Irish host Niall Breslin for his podcast 'Where is My Mind?' - May 2021
• Lucy Johnstone Talks with Claire McClorey (May 2021). Podcast Anuway
• Lucy Johnstone discusses the PTMF with Birgit Valla of 'Mad in Norway'.
• Using the PTMF for Staff Support: Jan Bostock talks to Paula Redmond about burnout and trauma in health professionals
• Lucy Johnstone talks to David Prescott from 'Safer Society', a US nonprofit that seeks to reduce social and sexual violence through preventive and restorative means
• Gareth Morgan (Clinical Psychologist) and Garrett Barnwell (Clinical Psychologist): Climate Psychology drawing on the PTMF.
• Cian Aherne talking about using the PTMF with young people whose lives are affected by alcohol misuse

Covid-19

• Covid-19 Resources - We're all in This Together - Mad in the UK

  A list of non-medical, non-pathologising blogs and resources related to the coronavirus pandemic.

• Power Threat Meaning Framework and Covid-19 - Clinical Psychology Today (Declan and Cian Aherne)

  Covid-19 has forced many of us into introspection in attempts to figure out what is important to us individually and as a society. Here we have used the Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF; Johnstone & Boyle, 2018) as a framework of reflection in an attempt to illuminate some understanding of Ireland's responses to the illness and some thoughts on how to approach things going forward.

• Capitalism, Coronavirus, and Mental Distress - International Socialism: Issue 168

  The Covid-19 crisis has combined mental health stressors that have been studied before, in other disasters, but which have never been seen consolidated in one global crisis. So, for example, there is research on how humans cope with quarantine, mass disasters and ongoing stressors but not on all three.

• The Conversation: Covid19 and Mental Health: Feeling Anguish is normal and is not a disorder

• Exploring pupil views on their education during the pandemic for policy makers underpinned by psychology

  This report uses the PTMF as one of 3 key psychological frameworks to explore key themes.

Chapters

• Ball, M., Morgan, G., Haarmans, M. (2023). The Power Threat Meaning Framework and 'Psychosis'. In: Díaz-Garrido, J.A., Zúñiga, R., Laffite, H., Morris, E. (eds) Psychological Interventions for Psychosis. Springer, Cham.
• Collins, N. (2020) 'Broken or Superpowered?' Traumatized People, Toxic Doublethink and the hea,ing potential of evangelical christian communities. Chapter 10. in Feminist Trauma Theologies: Body, Scripture and Church in Critical Perspective. SCM Press.
• Cromby, J (2019) 'An alternative to diagnosis: the Power Threat Meaning Framework' in (eds) Gibjels, H, Sapouna, L and Sidley, G 'Inside out, outside in', PCCS Books.
• Harper, D., & Vakilli, K. (2020). Mental Health prejudice, discrimination and epistemic injustice: Moving beyond stigma and biomedical dominance. In, Routledge international handbook of discrimination, prejudice and stereotyping. Routledge.
• Johnstone, L  (2020) 'Do you still need your psychiatric diagnosis? Critiques and alternatives'. In 'Drop the disorder! Challenging the culture of psychiatric diagnosis' ed J Watson, PCCS Books.
• Morgan, G. (2024). Climate distress through the lens of the Power Threat Meaning Framework. In: J. Anderson, T. Staunton, J. O'Gorman & C. Hickman (Eds), Being a therapist in a time of climate breakdown. Routledge, pp 70-81. [CJ1] p
• Ramsden. J.,  & Beckley, K. (2022). The power threat meaning framework: Implications for practice with the criminal justice system. In, 'Challenging bias in forensic psychological assessment and testing: Theoretical and practical approaches to working with diverse population'. Eds. GC Liell, M.J. Fisher and L.F Jones. Routledge.
• Randall, J, Johnson, E and Johnstone, L  'Self-formulation: making sense of your own experiences';  in 'Surviving Clinical Psychology: Navigating Personal, Professional and Political Selves on the Journey to Qualification' (2020). Routledge.
• Stupak, R. (2023). Going Beyond the DSM with the Power Threat Meaning Framework, Open Dialogue Approach and Soteria. 
  In: 'Practical Alternatives to the Psychiatric Model of Mental Illness: Beyond DSM and ICD Diagnosing' (published by Ethics Press).
• Tribe, R and Marshall, C (2024) Is there a case for using the Power Threat Meaning Framework within clinical supervision? In Social Justice, Social Discrimination and Mental Health: Theory, practice and professional issues, Eds. R Tribe and D Bhugra, Routledge.
• Watson, J (2023) The Power Threat Meaning Framework and demedicalising counselling and psychotherapy
  In: People not pathology: Freeing therapy from the medical model. Ed Pete Sanders and Janet Tolan, Monmouth: PCCS Books.
• Watson, J (2024). 'The Power Threat Meaning Framework and Eating Distress'
  In: Theoretical Alternatives to the Psychiatric Model of Mental Disorder Labeling: Contemporary Frameworks, Taxonomies, and Models, Edited by Arnoldo Cantú, Eric Maisel and Chuck Ruby. Ethics International Press Ltd, UK

Books

• Boyle, M. & Johnstone, L. (2020). A straight talking introduction to the Power Threat Meaning Framework. PCCS
  
  This introduction to the PTM Framework explains why a non-diagnostic approach is needed and presents the ideas and evidence behind the Framework in an accessible way. Readers are guided in using the Framework for themselves or with people they're working with or supporting. They are also encouraged to question some taken for granted assumptions about ourselves and the world. The book provides many additional resources for those who want to follow up the ideas, practices and sources of support for alternatives to diagnosis and medicalisation.
   
• Cromby, H., Harper, D., Johnstone, L., and Reavey, L.  (2013). Psychology, mental health and distress. London, Bloomsbury.(2nd edition due in 2025).
   
• Fisher, N. (2024). The Psychology of Mental Health, Oxford, OUP.
   
• Goodman, B.  (2019). Psychology and Sociology in Nursing. 3rd edition, London: Sage.
   
• Grant, A & Goodman, G. (2018). Communication and interpersonal skills in Nursing. 4th edn London: Sage.
   
• Liao, L-M. (2023) Variations in Sex Development: Medicine, Culture and Psychological Practice. Cambridge University Press
  
  In this book Lih-Mei Liao (former Head of Women's Health Psychological Services at UCL Hospitals and Hon. Reader, UCL Institute for Women's Health) situates the dilemmas facing people impacted by innate variations in sex characteristics, also known as intersex, in their cultural context. Almost without exception, service users experience medical interventions to approximate social norms for bodily appearance and function, as their individual choice. Likewise, medical practitioners tend to understand themselves as providing neutral and unbiased counsel on their interventions.
  
  Dr Liao draws on the PTM Framework to encourage professional and peer providers to identify and highlight negative operations of power in intersex medicine and the role of cultural messages in common meanings encountered in these settings. She provides clinical vignettes to suggest that the initial meaning given to a threatening experience need not be the last word on the subject or a mandate for medical 'normalisation'.
   
• Raskin, J (2024). Psychopathology and mental distress: Contrasting perspectives. London, New York: Bloomsbury Academic.